《10年回歸前後話》是個回顧式的展覽,為的是要展示一九九七年七月一日香港正式成為中華人民共和國屬下的特別行政區之後,十年以來本地藝術呈現的狀況及前後的變化。但是因為展品大都是全新製作的 ─ 起碼不是十年之前完成的 ─ 此項回顧基本上只屬於藝術家們個人的反思的表達,而觀眾則要憑著自己的知識或記憶來閱讀臆測。
我首先觀察到的是中國正統的藝術 ─ 無論是書畫印、傳統派、嶺南派、宮廷派、文人派等的美學風格與精神 ─ 都沒有在今趟的展覽裡露臉。這在一個檢視回歸中國十周年的香港當代藝術的展覽中呈示,而且肯定不是蓄意製造的現象,實在發人深省。展覽場裡只有胡美儀的《牆倒房不塌》和回應她的又一山人的《彈線》以中國建築的基礎與技術來探索傳統中華文化的崩壞、不倒與保育,但是由於沒有足夠的作品說明,我很懷疑有多少觀眾能夠感受得到。以當代中國建築為起點的作品,還有黃志恆的《北緯四十度》,情懷卻是不很傳統的了。
其次,《10年回歸前後話》既然以政權轉移為標題,觀眾與評論人特別注意藝術家們的政治取態是非常順理成章的事。結果在二十四個展品之中,直接碰觸中港關係或當前香港政治社會情況的只在少數,足見本地藝術家們普遍並不願意表達他們對當前政治的看法。至於那少數牽涉到政治課題的作品,立場由曖昧(李可穎)、模稜 (蘇慶強、曾德平),至抗拒(甘志強、劉建華、梁寶山)的佔大多數。熱烈慶祝的則一件都沒有,難怪中央官員有香港人心仍未回歸的言論。另外有些作品,似乎隱約地對當前香港的政治環境有所指涉(陳育強、謝炎安、文晶瑩、梁展峰、李寶怡等),它們的姿勢就更為含蓄了。
第三,藝術家們似乎並不熱衷與廣大觀眾溝通。即使是資歷較深的觀者,都不很容易由作品的物質、材料、符徵,以至題目方面推敲得到訊息或意圖,或者為它們的視覺形式所吸引。展覽簡介刊物循例列出藝術家們的學歷和展績等資料,對解讀作品完全沒有幫助。艱深化的文藝生產策略,無疑令人憶起俄羅斯形式主義文學理論家斯克洛夫斯基(Viktor Shklovsky)在《藝術是為技巧》(1917)一文的主張;這裡我暫不討論他的對錯,只是覺得艱深化的藝術風格令藝術欣賞難以推廣開去至較大的社群,而這卻偏偏是目前香港藝術發展最為迫切的課題。
除了回顧香港特區成立十周年的藝術情況之外,《10年回歸前後話》邀請參展的藝術家名單,也可以討論一下。展覽簡介說,策展單位先邀請得十二位根據統計是一九九七年前後最活躍的香港藝術家參加計劃,再由他們每人邀約一位「當今活躍的藝術家」就「九七」這題目作對話,最終全數二十三人共同參與今次展覽。
從最後的參展者名單看來,他們全部都是華人;而依照呂大樂的新書《四代香港人》的分類方法,大抵均屬於通稱「戰後嬰兒」(生於1946年至1965年之間)與「三十世代」(1966年至1975年之間出生)的兩代人。《四代香港人》提出香港現存有四代人,各有一些斷代的特質。觀乎今趟展覽,劉掬色的「十個勸諭」的普世性人文主義追求,也許可以說是屬於「戰後嬰兒」世代的意念,而文晶瑩的「蛋糕」呈現的個人親密感覺,代表了「三十世代」的某種趨勢。但我以為也僅是如此而已,再說下去的話,就會見得勉強。反而在部份的組合之中,我看到了兩代的承傳:例如蘇慶強和他邀約的李可穎,展示著好像是在同一道階梯上兩級顏色有別的記憶;而陳育強和他邀約的謝炎安,都徵用了男性中心社會的陽具符號。
老實說,《四代香港人》對我最大的啟示,是作者將第二次大戰前出生的前輩,不管是二十年代、三十年代、四十年代出生的,一律都劃作香港的第一代人。這令我想到,也許從戰後嬰兒到1980年前後在香港出生或成長、特別是經歷感受過六四事件的,也可以統稱為香港特區的第一代人。這批人雖然在年齡、性別、種族、宗教、階級、知識等上有著各種明顯的差別,但說到底不一定也可能同時擁有著某些共同的意識和美學。
也許在十年或更久之後,有人把《10年回歸前後話》的展品重提出來看,甚至跟特區第二代的藝術將相比較。那時我們這一代的藝術風格大概會更為清楚地浮現,我們的好處與缺失也可以較為容易分辨與評定。
2007年10月17日星期三
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